Indonesian Journal of Islamic Jurisprudence, Economic and Legal Theory

The Implications of Khalwat Offence on Youth in Brunei Darussalam

Siti Nurmunirah Haji Marali — 2024-10-24

Khalwat is a moral offence and one of the Sharia criminal offences which is considered to be a 'mukaddimah zina'. The provisions and penalties have been stated under the Perintah Kanun Hukuman Jenayah Syariah (PKHJS 2013) of Brunei Darussalam. However, if examined based on statistics, the number of khalwat cases seems to be increasing every year, showing that Brunei Darussalam is not immune from social problems that result in a moral crisis in society. Therefore, this article aims to explore the consequences that will be faced by the youth as a result of committing khalwat offence. The research method adopts a qualitative approach through case studies using interview methods and document analysis. The results of the study found that on average, this offence were committed by Muslim youths or teenagers as well as non-Muslims. In fact, the impact of committing this khalwat offence also has a more negative impact on the future of the youth. As a recommendation, this study suggests the need for improvement of legal agencies in providing exposure programmes to the community on an ongoing basis, and the community also plays the most important role in emphasizing the manners of association with different genders.

Hukum Attakhattî (Melangkahi Pundak Jamaah) Ketika Khutbah Hari Jum’at Menurut Perspektif Mazhab Hanafi Dan Mazhab Syafi’i

Ismail — 2024-10-01

Abstract

Friday is a special day for Muslims, explained by Ibn Kathir as a day of gathering. On this day, the Friday prayer (Salat al-Jumu'ah) is performed, consisting of two obligatory units (rak'ahs) following two sermons (khutbahs), with specific conditions and pillars that must be met for the prayer to be valid according to Islamic law. One important aspect discussed in the context of Friday prayer is the prohibition of "attakhatti," which refers to stepping over the shoulders of worshipers during the sermon. This act is viewed differently by the Hanafi and Shafi'i schools of thought. The Hanafi school considers the act to be forbidden (haram) as it occurs during the sermon and has the potential to disturb other worshipers. In contrast, the Shafi'i school views attakhatti as merely disliked (makruh), though both agree that it disrupts the congregation. This study uses a normative legal research method with a descriptive and comparative approach, analyzing Islamic law books and fiqh texts from various schools of thought. The results reveal that the difference of opinion between the Hanafi and Shafi'i schools regarding attakhatti stems from divergent interpretations of the evidence (dalil). This highlights the variations in Islamic legal interpretation, particularly concerning actions that disrupt the performance of the Friday prayer.

Keywords: Friday prayer, khutbah, attakhatti, Hanafi school, Shafi'i school, Islamic law

Abstrak

Hari Jum'at merupakan hari istimewa bagi umat Islam, yang dijelaskan oleh Ibnu Katsir sebagai hari berkumpul. Pada hari ini dilaksanakan ibadah salat Jumat, yaitu salat wajib dua rakaat yang dilaksanakan setelah dua khutbah, dengan syarat dan rukun yang harus dipenuhi agar sah menurut syariat Islam. Salah satu aspek penting yang dibahas dalam konteks salat Jumat adalah larangan melakukan perbuatan "attakhatti" atau melangkahi pundak jamaah saat khutbah. Perbuatan ini memiliki pandangan berbeda dalam mazhab Hanafi dan Syafi'i. Mazhab Hanafi menganggap perbuatan tersebut haram, karena dilakukan saat khutbah berlangsung dan berpotensi mengganggu jamaah lain. Sementara itu, mazhab Syafi'i memandang attakhatti sebagai makruh, meskipun keduanya sependapat bahwa perbuatan ini bisa mengganggu jamaah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif dan komparatif, mengkaji buku-buku hukum Islam dan kitab-kitab fiqih dari berbagai mazhab sebagai bahan analisis. Dari hasil penelitian, perbedaan pendapat antara mazhab Hanafi dan Syafi'i terkait attakhatti disebabkan oleh perbedaan dalam memahami dalil-dalil yang digunakan oleh masing-masing mazhab. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya variasi dalam interpretasi hukum Islam, khususnya terkait tindakan yang dianggap mengganggu pelaksanaan ibadah salat Jumat.

Kata kunci: Salat Jumat, khutbah, attakhatti, mazhab Hanafi, mazhab Syafi'i, hukum Islam

Metode Penerapan Hukum Islam Berbasis Pendekatan “Empat Pola Interaksi” ala Sheikh Ali Gum'ah

Dr. Mahkamah Mahdin — 2024-10-02

Abstract

The collapse of the caliphate marked a new phase in the history of Islamic civilization. The event was accompanied by radical developments in the global reality with the birth of the revolution in telecommunications, transportation and information technology. These various developments require the birth of ijtihad products that are able to support the interests of Muslims and are able to maintain Islamic identity in the midst of these changes. The discourse on the application of Islamic law, especially in the framework of the relationship between Islam and the State in the context of the contemporary world, never seems to stop looking for answers and adequate solutions. In the context of Indonesia, for example, Pancasila as the common platform of the nation in Indonesia continues to be raised in relation to Islam. Ali Gum'ah, who is one of the members of the Al Azhar Senior Ulema Council, remapped the relationship by digging it from the historical actualization of prophethood starting from the Mecca Phase to the Medina Phase. He also raises the theory of nasakh and nasā in strengthening the vision he offers.

Keywords: Islamic sharia implementation, coexistence

Abstrak

Runtuhnya khilafah menandai fase baru yang dalam sejarah peradaban Islam. Peristiwa tersebut dibarengi dengan perkembangan radikal dalam realitas global dengan lahirnya revolusi telekomunikasi, transportasi dan teknologi informasi. Berbagai perkembangan tersebut meniscayakan lahirnya produk ijtihad yang mampu mendukung kepentingan umat Islam dan mampu menjaga identitas keislaman di tengah arus perubahan tersebut.

Diskursus tentang penerapan hukum Islam khususnya dalam kerangka relasi Islam dan Negara dalam konteks dunia kontemporer seakan tidak pernah terhenti mencari jawaban dan solusi yang memadai. Dalam konteks Indonesia misalnya, Pancasila sebagai common platform berbangsa di Indonesia masih terus diangkat dalam kaitannya dengan Islam. Ali Gum'ah, yang merupakan salah satu anggota Dewan Ulama Senior Al Azhar memetakan ulang relasi tersebut dengan menggalinya dari aktualisasi historis kenabian yang dimulai dari Fase Mekkah hingga Fase Madinah. Beliau juga mengangkat teori nasakh dan nasā dalam memperkuat visi yang ditawarkannya.

Kata kunci: penerapan syariah Islam, koeksistensi

Kontroversi Wali Mujbir dalam Kasus Pernikahan Dini di Indonesia

Ali Mutakin — 2024-10-02

Abstract

This article discusses the controversy surrounding the role of wali mujbir in cases of early marriage in Indonesia. Wali mujbir, as a guardian who has the authority to marry off girls without their consent, has become a topic of debate that links Islamic law with human rights, particularly children's rights. Despite having a strong foundation in classical fiqh texts, the application of wali mujbir in the modern era, especially in Indonesia, often comes into conflict with national laws that set marriage age limits. This article highlights how wali mujbir is often used to legitimize early marriage, especially in rural areas driven by social and economic factors, despite the negative impact this practice has on girls' physical, mental and social health. This research uses a qualitative method with a literature approach to analyze data from Islamic legal literature, academic studies, and reports related to the impact of early marriage. The findings show that the practice of wali mujbir in early marriage often leads to problems, including decreased access to education, increased risk of domestic violence, and reproductive health issues. In conclusion, although wali mujbir has a basis in Islamic law, its practice in the context of early marriage should be evaluated and adjusted to the principles of justice and protection of girls' rights, particularly through strengthening the role of the state and the judicial system in overseeing the granting of marriage dispensations.

Keywords: Wali Mujbir, Early marriage, Islamic law, Children's rights

Abstrak

Artikel ini membahas kontroversi terkait peran wali mujbir dalam kasus pernikahan dini di Indonesia. Wali mujbir, sebagai wali yang memiliki otoritas menikahkan anak perempuan tanpa persetujuan mereka, menjadi topik perdebatan yang mengaitkan hukum Islam dengan hak asasi manusia, khususnya hak anak. Meskipun memiliki landasan kuat dalam teks-teks fikih klasik, penerapan wali mujbir di era modern, terutama di Indonesia, sering kali menimbulkan konflik dengan hukum nasional yang menetapkan batas usia pernikahan. Artikel ini menyoroti bagaimana wali mujbir kerap digunakan untuk melegitimasi pernikahan dini, terutama di wilayah pedesaan yang didorong oleh faktor sosial dan ekonomi, meski praktik ini memiliki dampak negatif terhadap kesehatan fisik, mental, dan sosial anak perempuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan kepustakaan untuk menganalisis data dari literatur hukum Islam, studi-studi akademik, dan laporan terkait dampak pernikahan dini. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa praktik wali mujbir dalam pernikahan dini sering kali menimbulkan masalah, termasuk penurunan akses pendidikan, peningkatan risiko kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, dan permasalahan kesehatan reproduksi. Kesimpulannya, meskipun wali mujbir memiliki dasar hukum Islam, praktiknya dalam konteks pernikahan dini harus dievaluasi dan disesuaikan dengan prinsip keadilan dan perlindungan hak-hak anak perempuan, khususnya melalui penguatan peran negara dan sistem peradilan dalam mengawasi pemberian dispensasi pernikahan.

Kata kunci : Wali Mujbir, Pernikahan dini, Hukum Islam, Hak anak

Dynamism of Minimum Age of Marriage in Muslim Countries: A Study of Marriage in Indonesia, Tunisia, and Turkey

Abdul Aziz — 2024-10-11

Abstract

The setting of the minimum age for marriage in various Muslim countries, including Indonesia, Tunisia, and Turkey, has variations based on Islamic law, madhhab fiqh, and local social and cultural considerations. Although there is no strict rule regarding the minimum age in Islamic law, many countries set age limits to protect individuals from early marriage which is often associated with health, psychological and domestic stability problems. This study uses a qualitative method with a comparative approach, examining various laws and marriage rules in the three countries, as well as the theory of Maqasid al-Shari'ah, which emphasizes the protection of offspring and family welfare. The findings of the study show that Indonesia has raised the minimum age of marriage to 19 years for both men and women, Tunisia applies 18 years old for both, while in Turkey, the minimum age is 17 years for women and 18 years for men. The main results of the discussion showed that these differences were influenced by differences in fiqh schools and national needs, such as divorce prevention and protection of children's rights. The study concludes that the minimum age for marriage in the three countries is part of an effort to maintain a balance between religious law and social reality.

Keywords: Minimum Age Limit for Marriage, Muslim Countries, Islamic Marriage Law

Abstrak

Penetapan batas usia minimum untuk perkawinan di berbagai negara Muslim, termasuk Indonesia, Tunisia, dan Turki, memiliki variasi yang didasarkan pada hukum Islam, mazhab fiqh, serta pertimbangan sosial dan budaya lokal. Meskipun tidak ada aturan tegas mengenai usia minimal dalam hukum Islam, banyak negara menetapkan batas usia untuk melindungi individu dari pernikahan dini yang seringkali dikaitkan dengan masalah kesehatan, psikologis, dan kestabilan rumah tangga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan komparatif, menelaah berbagai Undang-Undang dan aturan perkawinan di ketiga negara tersebut, serta teori Maqasid al-Shari'ah, yang menekankan perlindungan terhadap keturunan dan kesejahteraan keluarga. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia telah menaikkan usia minimal perkawinan menjadi 19 tahun untuk pria dan wanita, Tunisia menerapkan usia 18 tahun untuk keduanya, sementara di Turki, usia minimal adalah 17 tahun untuk perempuan dan 18 tahun untuk laki-laki. Hasil utama diskusi menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan ini dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan mazhab fiqh dan kebutuhan nasional, seperti pencegahan perceraian dan perlindungan hak-hak anak. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penetapan usia minimal dalam perkawinan di tiga negara tersebut merupakan bagian dari upaya menjaga keseimbangan antara hukum agama dan realitas sosial.

Kata Kunci: Batas Usia Minimal Perkawinan, Negara Muslim, Hukum Perkawinan Islam

Analisis Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Dalam Mendorong Kemandirian Ekonomi Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM)

Sylvia Nabila — 2024-10-20

Abstract

This journal provides an analysis of regulations in an effort to encourage the economic independence of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). This journal was created with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of implementing laws and regulations in national economic development to encourage the economic independence of MSMEs in Indonesia as well as legal protection related to MSMEs themselves. This journal will also discuss various laws and regulations related to MSMEs starting from the definition, objectives, juridical application and legal protection. The method used in writing this journal is a normative juridical approach which examines statutory regulations using primary legal materials, namely statutory regulations and secondary legal materials, namely journals.

Keywords: Legal Regulation, MSMEs, Economic Law, Economic Independence, and National Development.

Abstrak

Jurnal ini memberikan analisis terhadap regulasi dalam upaya mendorong kemandirian ekonomi Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM). Jurnal ini dibuat bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas penerapan peraturan perundang-undangan dalam pembangunan ekonomi nasional untuk mendorong kemandirian ekonomi UMKM di Indonesia serta perlindungan hukum terkait UMKM itu sendiri. Dalam jurnal ini juga akan membahas berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan terkait UMKM mulai dari definisi, tujuan, penerapan yuridis serta perlindungan hukumnya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan jurnal ini ialah metode pendekatan yuridis normatif yang mengkaji peraturan perundang-undangan menggunakan bahan hukum primer yaitu peraturan perundang-undangan dan bahan hukum sekunder yaitu jurnal.

Kata Kunci: Pengaturan Hukum, UMKM, Hukum Ekonomi, Kemandirian Ekonomi, dan Pembangunan Nasional

Interpretation of Incest According To the Mazhab Syafi`I and the Laws of Brunei Darussalam

Fatin Nuraliah Syazwani Roslan — 2024-10-23

Incest (Sumbang Mahram) refers to a sexual relationship between two individuals who are prohibited from marrying under Sharia law. If left unaddressed, incest can negatively impact the honor and integrity of a family, potentially leading to the severance of familial bonds known as qatl al-arham which may result in disputes and a loss of trust among family members. This raises the question of how incest is interpreted within mazhab Syafi'i and under the laws of Brunei Darussalam. This analytical study aims to provide a deeper understanding by exploring the differing perspectives of the Syafi'i jurisprudence and Brunei Darussalam's legal framework. To achieve this, the research employs a qualitative approach, specifically a library-based study, utilizing both classical and contemporary fiqh texts and relevant legislation such as the Religious Council and Kadi Courts Act, chapter 77, Brunei Penal Code chapter 22, and the Syariah Criminal Code Order, 2013. These sources are used to examine views on incest. A comparative analysis will be conducted between mazhab Syafi`i and the legislative provisions for both Syariah and Civil laws across various aspects. The study is expected to conclude that, according of mazhab Syafi'i, incest is classified as zinā. In contrast, under Brunei law, incest is described as a man and a woman having sexual intercourse who share a close familial relationship and are prohibited from marrying according to Islamic law.

Keywords: Sumbang Mahram, Incest, Zina, Mazhab Syafi`i, Brunei Darussalam Law

Justice in Inheritance Distribution: Comparative Study of Islamic and Customary Law on Equal Distribution

Iqbal Subhan Nugraha — 2024-10-23

This study discusses the acceptance of the practice of equal distribution of inheritance in Indonesia, with the aim of analyzing how the principle of justice is applied in a changing social context. In this study, a normative juridical approach is used to examine relevant legal texts and literature, including the Qur'an, hadith, and the views of scholars on inheritance. The results of the study show that although urban and educated communities show support for the fair distribution of inheritance, the traditional interpretation of sharia that is still held by some scholars often hinders the application of the principle of gender justice in the distribution of inheritance. This study also found that there is a shift in values in society that is increasingly open to gender equality, but is still hindered by sharia normative provisions. The conclusions of this study emphasize the need for a more flexible approach in the interpretation of inheritance law by scholars and community leaders, as well as the push for more inclusive and adaptive regulatory reforms to the needs of modern society. Thus, this research makes a significant contribution to the development of Islamic legal theory and social justice, as well as encourages a broader dialogue on inheritance law reform in Indonesia. This finding is expected to be a reference for further studies and policy-making that are more responsive to the issue of gender equality in inheritance practices.

Tinjauan Hukum Undang-Undang Investasi: Strategi Mendorong Pertumbuhan Ekonomi

Rahmawati — 2024-10-31

Abstract

This study aims to examine the role of investment in driving economic growth and assess effective strategies to increase investment in various sectors. In an ever-evolving economic era, investment is one of the important pillars in strengthening a country's economic base. This review includes an analysis of various investment methods, including foreign direct investment (FDI), infrastructure development, and human resource development. Using empirical data and case studies, this research concludes that a comprehensive and integrated approach such as strengthening pro-business policies, simplifying regulations, and improving the quality of education is crucial to creating a favorable investment environment. The findings of this research are expected to provide guidance for policymakers and stakeholders in designing more effective strategies to promote economic growth through increasedinvestment: A Strategy to Drive Economic Growth."

Keywords: Law, Investment, Economic Growth.

Abstrak

Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran investasi dalam mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi dan menilai strategi-strategi yang efektif untuk meningkatkan investasi di berbagai sektor. Dalam era ekonomi yang terus berkembang, investasi menjadi salah satu pilar penting dalam memperkuat basis ekonomi suatu negara. Tinjauan ini mencakup analisis berbagai metode investasi, termasuk investasi asing langsung (FDI), pembangunan infrastruktur, dan pengembangan sumber daya manusia. Dengan menggunakan data empiris dan studi kasus, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pendekatan yang menyeluruh dan terintegrasi seperti penguatan kebijakan pro-bisnis, penyederhanaan regulasi, dan peningkatan kualitas Pendidikan sangat krusial untuk menciptakan lingkungan investasi yang mendukung. Temuan penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan panduan bagi pembuat kebijakan dan pemangku kepentingan dalam merancang strategi yang lebih efektif untuk mendorong pertum-buhan ekonomi melalui peningkatan investasi.yang pada penelitian ini peneliti beri judul “Tinjauan Hukum Undang-undang Investasi: Stategi Mendorong Pertumbuhan Ekonomi.”

Kata Kunci: Undang-Undang , Investasi, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi.

Penerapan Hukum Islam dalam Penyelesaian Kasus Pernikahan Dini di Kua Tanjung Palas Tengah

M. Nasrulloh — 2024-11-01

Abstract

This research analyzes the application of Islamic law in resolving early marriage cases at the Tanjung Palas Tengah Religious Affairs Office (KUA), North Kalimantan. Early marriage, which often occurs before the age of puberty, creates various challenges related to women's health, education and welfare. Using qualitative methods and case study design, this research explores the role of KUA in dealing with cases of early marriage, especially regarding women's rights in marriage. Data was obtained through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation from related parties, including the head of the KUA, officers, the couples involved, and local religious leaders. Data analysis uses the Miles and Huberman model, including data condensation, data presentation, and conclusion. The research results show that the Tanjung Palas Tengah KUA has a significant role in implementing the principles of Islamic law to ensure women's rights and obligations are fulfilled. However, various challenges such as social and economic pressures remain obstacles. This research also identifies the need for stronger strategic policies in dealing with early marriage to increase gender equality and justice by the principles of Islamic law.

Keyword: Early Marriage, Islamic Law, Office of Religious Affairs (KUA), Women's Rights

Abstrak

Penelitian ini menganalisis penerapan hukum Islam dalam penyelesaian kasus pernikahan dini di Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) Tanjung Palas Tengah, Kalimantan Utara. Pernikahan dini, yang sering kali terjadi di bawah usia baligh, menimbulkan berbagai tantangan terkait kesehatan, pendidikan, dan kesejahteraan perempuan. Dengan metode kualitatif dan desain studi kasus, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi peran KUA dalam mengatasi kasus pernikahan dini, khususnya terkait hak-hak perempuan dalam pernikahan. Data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi dari pihak-pihak terkait, termasuk kepala KUA, petugas, pasangan yang terlibat, serta tokoh agama setempat. Analisis data menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman, meliputi kondensasi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa KUA Tanjung Palas Tengah memiliki peran signifikan dalam menerapkan prinsip-prinsip hukum Islam untuk memastikan hak dan kewajiban perempuan terpenuhi, meskipun berbagai tantangan seperti tekanan sosial dan ekonomi tetap menjadi hambatan. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi perlunya kebijakan strategis yang lebih kuat dalam menangani pernikahan dini guna meningkatkan kesetaraan dan keadilan gender sesuai prinsip hukum Islam.

Kata Kunci: Pernikahan Dini, Hukum Islam, Kantor Urusan Agama, Hak Perempuan

Obligation of Madiyah Maintenance After Divorce: Perspectives of Islamic Law and Positive Law

Iqbal Subhan Nugraha — 2024-11-02

Abstract

This study focuses on the obligation of post-divorce alimony from the perspective of Islamic law and positive law, considering the importance of this issue in the context of social justice and the protection of women's rights. The background of this study is based on the many cases where ex-wives have difficulty demanding alimony after divorce, which is often triggered by a lack of legal understanding and social stigma. The purpose of this study is to analyze the obligation of madiyah maintenance and the challenges faced in its implementation, with the hope of providing recommendations for the improvement of the legal and social system that supports women's rights. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach, with a juridical-normative approach. The findings show that there is a gap between Islamic law and positive law in enforcing the obligation of madiyah alimony, as well as the existence of social stigma that hinders ex-wives from fighting for their rights. The conclusion of this study recommends the need for collaboration between the government, legal institutions, and the community to increase awareness about livelihood rights, strengthen the mediation system, and expand access to legal aid. With these steps, it is hoped that the obligation of alimony can be carried out more effectively, provide adequate protection for ex-wives and their children, and create a fairer and more equal society.

Keywords: Madiyah Maintenance, Divorce, Islamic Law, Positive Law

Abstrak

Penelitian ini berfokus pada kewajiban nafkah madiyah pasca perceraian dari perspektif hukum Islam dan hukum positif, mengingat pentingnya isu ini dalam konteks keadilan sosial dan perlindungan hak-hak perempuan. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasarkan pada banyaknya kasus di mana mantan istri kesulitan menuntut nafkah setelah perceraian, yang sering kali dipicu oleh kurangnya pemahaman hukum dan stigma sosial. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kewajiban nafkah madiyah serta tantangan yang dihadapi dalam implementasinya, dengan harapan dapat memberikan rekomendasi untuk perbaikan sistem hukum dan sosial yang mendukung hak-hak perempuan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif, dengan pendekatan yuridis-normatif. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kesenjangan antara hukum Islam dan hukum positif dalam menegakkan kewajiban nafkah madiyah, serta adanya stigma sosial yang menghambat mantan istri untuk memperjuangkan hak-haknya. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya kolaborasi antara pemerintah, lembaga hukum, dan masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kesadaran tentang hak-hak nafkah, memperkuat sistem mediasi, dan memperluas akses terhadap bantuan hukum. Dengan langkah-langkah ini, diharapkan kewajiban nafkah madiyah dapat terlaksana secara lebih efektif, memberikan perlindungan yang memadai bagi mantan istri dan anak-anak mereka, serta menciptakan masyarakat yang lebih adil dan setara.

Kata Kunci: Nafkah Madiyah, Perceraian, Hukum Islam, Hukum Positif

Characteristics of The Compilation of Islamic Law In Indonesia: A Study of Marriage Law From The Perspective of Political Law

Abdul Aziz — 2024-11-06

The Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) in Indonesia serves as a normative guideline in the regulation of marriage law that integrates Islamic sharia values with existing social realities. However, the complexity of marriage issues in Indonesia, such as polygamy and child custody, shows the need for an in-depth study of the character and implications of KHI in the context of legal politics. This research aims to explore how KHI is formed and implemented, as well as its impact on society. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach of documentation analysis to explore the character of the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) and its implications for the practice of marriage law in Indonesia. The results show that the KHI functions not only as a formal regulation, but also as an instrument that reflects the aspirations of the community in achieving justice and welfare in family life. In addition, this finding emphasizes the importance of the involvement of the community and religious leaders in the KHI socialization process to overcome existing challenges, such as the protection of women's and children's rights. The conclusion of this study suggests the need for continuous evaluation of existing regulations in order to remain responsive to social dynamics, so that KHI can play an effective role in resolving marriage law problems in Indonesia. This research is expected to make a significant contribution to the development of Islamic law and legal practice in society, as well as strengthen the dialogue between law and social values.

Upaya Meningkatkan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Pada Kawasan Bogor

Dr. Mahipal, S.H., M.H — 2024-11-06

Abstract

This study aims to examine efforts to increase green open space (GOS) in the Bogor area amidst the dynamics of urban development that affect environmental conditions. Current conditions show that the area of GOS in Bogor City has decreased from year to year due to the intensification of land conversion from natural open areas to built-up areas for development purposes such as housing, industry, and trade and service facilities. This makes the urgency of increasing GOS in Bogor City a relevant topic to study. This study uses a qualitative method with an in-depth literature study approach to collect, analyze, and interpret data related to GOS in Bogor, including factors that influence its reduction and the impacts on the environment and society. The results of the study show that efforts to increase GOS can be carried out through various strategies, ranging from revising zoning policies, providing incentives for developers who leave green areas, to increasing public awareness of the importance of green open spaces. The effectiveness of these efforts requires strong collaboration between local governments, civil society, the private sector, and other stakeholders. This study hopes to provide insight for policy making and implementation of best practices in increasing green open spaces, as a vital step in facing the challenges of urbanization and improving the quality of the environment in the Bogor area.

Keywords: Green Open Space, Urban Development, Bogor City

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji upaya-upaya dalam meningkatkan ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) di kawasan Bogor di tengah dinamika perkembangan kota yang mempengaruhi kondisi lingkungan. Kondisi terkini menunjukkan bahwa luas RTH di Kota Bogor mengalami pengurangan dari tahun ke tahun akibat intensifikasi alih fungsi lahan dari terbuka alami menjadi area terbangun untuk keperluan pembangunan seperti perumahan, industri, serta fasilitas perdagangan dan jasa. Hal ini membuat urgensi peningkatan RTH di Kota Bogor menjadi topik yang relevan untuk diteliti. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka yang mendalam untuk mengumpulkan, menganalisis, dan menginterpretasikan data terkait RTH di Bogor, termasuk faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengurangannya serta dampak yang ditimbulkan terhadap lingkungan dan masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa upaya peningkatan RTH dapat melalui berbagai strategi, mulai dari revisi kebijakan zonasi, penyediaan insentif bagi pengembang yang menyisakan area hijau, hingga peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat tentang pentingnya ruang terbuka hijau. Efektivitas upaya-upaya tersebut membutuhkan kolaborasi yang kuat antara pemerintah daerah, masyarakat sipil, sektor swasta, dan stakeholder lainnya. Penelitian ini mengharapkan dapat memberikan insight bagi pembuatan kebijakan dan implementasi praktik terbaik dalam meningkatkan ruang terbuka hijau, sebagai langkah vital dalam menghadapi tantangan urbanisasi dan memperbaiki kualitas lingkungan hidup di kawasan Bogor.

Kata Kunci : Ruang Terbuka Hijau, Perkembangan Kota, Kota Bogor

Hard Skill Dan Soft Skill Pada Distribusi Kinerja Pembangunan Ekonomi Daerah

Nirwan Umasugi — 2024-11-06

Abstract

Analysis of the repetition of rent in civil law in terms of Islamic law, with the provision that the use of the leased goods must be in accordance with the use of the leased, through a mutual agreement and in the bond of the agreement there should be no things that violate the rules in Islamic law. The purpose of this research is to analyze the repetition of rent in Civil law in terms of Islamic Law, and see the lease system, especially regarding the repetition of rent according to Islamic law and according to Civil law and compare it both in terms of similarities, differences and application. This research is a qualitative study with a normative approach in studying civil law literature (agreements) by collecting primary data through available sources, then conducting a study or assessment of the scope of the civil law regulation based on Islamic legal thought. Data processing uses a system of direct quotes and indirect quotes. Data analysis uses inductive, deductive and comparative thinking techniques. The results showed that; Civil law in the regulation and application has not been based on the benefit of humans / society but more pressure on certain parties (creditors or owners in leases) so that it can cause feelings of dependence or harm to other parties and more directed to material life and not based on humanity. Civil law in its regulation has not yet reached, a sense of justice and the benefit of the wider community will not be achieved, conducting leasing activities by mutual agreement on the basis of mutual assistance, that leasing is justified and even must always be held. And the permissible repetition of rent such as a person renting a large house, then the rooms are rented out again to others by getting profit from the rental is permissible.

Keywords: Repetition of Rent Civil Law, Islamic Law

Abstrak

Analisis tentang pengulangan sewa dalam hukum perdata tinjauan hukum Islam, dengan ketentuan bahwa penggunaan barang yang disewa tersebut harus sesuai dengan penggunaan yang disewakan, lewat suatu kesepakatan bersama dan dalam ikatan perjanjian tersebut tidak boleh ada hal-hal yang menyalahi aturan dalam hukum Islam. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengulangan sewa dalam hukum Perdata ditinjau dari segi Hukum Islam, dan melihat sistem sewa-menyewa khususnya mengenai pengulangan sewa menurut hukum Islam dan menurut hukum Perdata serta membandingkanya baik dari segi persamaan, perbedaanya maupun penerapanya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan normatif dalam mempelajari pustaka hukum Perdata (perjanjian) dengan melakukan pengumpulan data primer lewat sumber-sumber yang tersedia, kemudian melakukan kajian atau penilaian ruang lingkup pengaturan hukum perdata tersebut dengan berdasar pemikiran hukum Islam. Pengolahan data mengunakan sistem kutipan langsung dan kutipan tidak langsung. Analisis data mengunakan tehnik berfikir secara induktif, deduktif dan komparatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; Hukum perdata dalam pengaturan maupun penerapan belum didasarkan kepada kemaslahatan manusia/masyarakat tetapi lebih menekan kepada pihak tertentu (kreditur atau pemilik dalam sewa-menyewa) sehingga dapat menimbulkan perasaan ketergantungan atau kerugian pada pihak lain serta lebih mengarah pada kehidupan material dan tidak didasari pada rasa kemanusiaan. Undang-Undang hukum Perdata dalam pengaturannya belum mencapai, rasa adil dan kemaslahatan masyarakat luas belum akan tercapai, melakukan kegiatan sewa-menyewa atas kesepakatan bersama atas dasar tolong-menolong, bahwa sewa-menyewa merupakan hal yang dibenarkan dan bahkan harus selalu diadakan. Dan pengulangan sewa yang dibolehkan itu seperti seorang menyewa rumah besar, lalu kamar-kamarnya disewakan lagi kepada orang lain dengan mendapatkan keuntungan dari persewaan tersebut dibolehkan.

Kata Kunci: Pengulangan Sewa Hukum Perdata, Hukum Islam

Menelusuri Akar Masalah: Faktor Penyebab Angka Kriminalitas Anak Di Bawah Umur

Mohamad Revaldy Fairuzzen — 2024-11-07

Abstract

The increasing phenomenon of criminal acts involving minors in Indonesia has become a crucial issue that threatens the future of the nation. This study aims to identify the types of crimes often committed by children, the causal factors, and the challenges in law enforcement for children. The research method used is quantitative, utilizing primary data from the Central Statistics Agency, the Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI), and other related sources. The results of the study indicate that cases of crime by children are very diverse, including murder, sexual abuse, bullying, and drug abuse. Some of the main causal factors are inappropriate family parenting patterns, environmental and peer influences, and unsupervised access to media and technology. In addition, this study found challenges in the implementation of Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System (UU SPPA), such as the lack of understanding of law enforcement officers about the concept of restorative justice and the lack of rehabilitation facilities in the regions. The results of this study emphasize the importance of the role of families, schools, and communities in preventing criminal acts by children and the need to optimize diversification and rehabilitation policies. This research is expected to be a reference for the government in formulating preventive and curative measures to reduce the number of child crimes and protect the future of the next generation.

Keywords: Child Crime, Crime. Increase, Factors, Under Age

Abstrak

Fenomena meningkatnya tindak pidana yang melibatkan anak di bawah umur di Indonesia menjadi isu krusial yang mengancam masa depan bangsa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis kejahatan yang sering dilakukan oleh anak, faktor-faktor penyebab, serta tantangan dalam penegakan hukum bagi anak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif, dengan memanfaatkan data primer dari Badan Pusat Statistik, Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia (KPAI), dan sumber terkait lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kasus kejahatan oleh anak sangat beragam, meliputi pembunuhan, pelecehan seksual, bullying, dan penyalahgunaan narkotika. Beberapa faktor penyebab utama adalah pola asuh keluarga yang kurang tepat, pengaruh lingkungan dan teman sebaya, serta akses tanpa pengawasan terhadap media dan teknologi. Selain itu, penelitian ini menemukan tantangan dalam penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak (UU SPPA), seperti kurangnya pemahaman aparat hukum tentang konsep restorative justice dan minimnya fasilitas rehabilitasi di daerah. Hasil studi ini menekankan pentingnya peran keluarga, sekolah, dan masyarakat dalam pencegahan tindak pidana oleh anak serta perlunya optimalisasi kebijakan diversifikasi dan rehabilitasi. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan bagi pemerintah dalam merumuskan langkah-langkah preventif dan kuratif guna menekan angka kriminalitas anak dan melindungi masa depan generasi penerus.

Kata Kunci: Pidana Anak, Kejahatan. Peningkatan, faktor, dibawah umur

Perkembangan Pembangunan Yang Cepat Dan Tidak Terkendali Di Kawasan Bogor-Puncak-Cianjur Sehingga Keamanan Tanah Dan Air Tidak Berfungsi Dengan Baik

Dendy Suma Pratama — 2024-11-07

Abstract

Spatial planning is a form of spatial structure and pattern that has been prepared nationally, regionally and locally. Relating to planning to be able to have a spatial structure in the city which is a geographical expression of the scope of policies made by society regarding the social economy and culture. Technological developments have resulted in spatial planning developing rapidly over time. The Bogor-Puncak-Cianjur area can be categorized as an area that has strategic value and therefore requires special handling regarding spatial planning and ordering and controlling development in this area.

Keywords: Spatial Planning, National Area, Scope

Abstrak

Penataan ruang merupakan suatu bentuk struktur dan pola tata ruang yang ditetapkan pada tingkat nasional, regional, dan lokal. Terkait dengan perencanaan dalam rangka menciptakan ruang dalam kota merupakan ekspresi geografis dari berbagai kebijakan yang akan diambil masyarakat terkait dengan perekonomian dan sosial budaya. Kemajuan teknologi telah mempercepat perkembangan perencanaan tata ruang dari waktu ke waktu. Kawasan Bogor-Puncak-Cianjur tergolong kawasan bernilai strategis sehingga perlu dibenahi. Hal ini terkait dengan penataan ruang serta ketertiban dan pengendalian pembangunan daerah..

Kata kunci : Tata Ruang, Kawasan Nasional, Ruang Lingkup

Analisis Sengketa Tata Ruang Dalam Pembangunan Hotel Pullman Bandung: Studi Kasus Pelanggaran Peraturan Dan Dampaknya

Johana Jenniviera — 2024-11-07

Abstract

This study analyzes the spatial planning dispute surrounding the construction of the Pullman Hotel in Bandung, involving the Bandung City Government and the West Java Provincial Government. The hotel development in an area designated for government office use has sparked criticism from the community and environmental organizations. The lack of oversight and unclear permitting processes are key factors in this dispute, despite the project being expected to stimulate local economic growth. This study emphasizes the importance of inter-agency coordination, transparency in the permitting process, and the strict enforcement of sanctions against spatial planning violations to prevent similar conflicts in the future. The findings provide insights into the need for synchronized spatial planning policies to ensure sustainable development.

Keywords: Spatial planning dispute, Pullman Hotel Bandung, government coordination, regulatory violations.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini menganalisis sengketa tata ruang dalam pembangunan Hotel Pullman Bandung yang melibatkan Pemkot Bandung dan Pemprov Jawa Barat. Pembangunan hotel di kawasan yang seharusnya diperuntukkan bagi perkantoran pemerintah telah memicu kritik dari masyarakat dan organisasi lingkungan. Kurangnya pengawasan dan ketidakjelasan perizinan menjadi faktor utama sengketa ini, meskipun proyek ini diharapkan dapat mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi lokal. Studi ini menekankan pentingnya koordinasi antarlembaga pemerintah, transparansi dalam proses perizinan, dan penegakan sanksi yang tegas terhadap pelanggaran tata ruang untuk mencegah konflik serupa di masa depan. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan wawasan mengenai perlunya sinkronisasi kebijakan tata ruang demi pembangunan berkelanjutan.

Kata Kunci: Sengketa tata ruang, Hotel Pullman Bandung, koordinasi pemerintah, pelanggaran peraturan.

Tunnelling Behavior: Exploring Corporate Governance and Ownership Structure

Arti Damisa — 2024-11-09

Abstract

This study examines how ownership structure and corporate governance quality affect tunneling behavior in Indonesia, with a focus on the moderating role of the number of subsidiaries. Quantitative research techniques and secondary data from the Indonesia Stock Exchange, business websites, and pertinent periodicals were used in the study. From 2016 to 2019, 474 observations from listed companies on the IDX—excluding non-financial firms—made up the sample. STATA 14.2 software was used to perform statistical studies, such as Pearson Correlation, OLS Regression, and Moderated Regression. The findings show that tunneling behavior is positively impacted by managerial ownership, government ownership, and corporate governance quality, but negatively by domestic ownership. However, tunnelling behavior is not much impacted by foreign ownership. while domestic ownership has a negative impact. Foreign ownership, on the other hand, does not significantly affect tunnelling behaviour. Notably, the number of subsidiaries strengthens the relationship between corporate governance quality and tunnelling behaviour.

Keywords: Corporate governance quality; ownership structure; tunnelling behaviour; subsidiaries.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini menguji bagaimana struktur kepemilikan dan kualitas tata kelola perusahaan mempengaruhi perilaku tunneling di Indonesia, dengan fokus pada peran moderasi jumlah anak perusahaan. Teknik penelitian kuantitatif dan data sekunder dari Bursa Efek Indonesia, situs web bisnis, dan majalah terkait digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Dari tahun 2016 hingga 2019, 474 observasi dari perusahaan yang terdaftar di BEI - tidak termasuk perusahaan non-keuangan - menjadi sampel penelitian. Perangkat lunak STATA 14.2 digunakan untuk melakukan studi statistik, seperti Korelasi Pearson, Regresi OLS, dan Regresi Termoderasi. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa perilaku tunneling dipengaruhi secara positif oleh kepemilikan manajerial, kepemilikan pemerintah, dan kualitas tata kelola perusahaan, tetapi secara negatif oleh kepemilikan domestik. Namun, perilaku tunneling tidak banyak dipengaruhi oleh kepemilikan asing, sedangkan kepemilikan domestik memiliki dampak negatif. Kepemilikan asing, di sisi lain, tidak secara signifikan mempengaruhi perilaku tunnelling. Khususnya, jumlah anak perusahaan memperkuat hubungan antara kualitas tata kelola perusahaan dan perilaku tunnelling.

Kata kunci: Kualitas tata kelola perusahaan; struktur kepemilikan; perilaku tunnelling; anak perusahaan.

Pengaruh Inovasi Hijau, Orientasi Kewirausahaan, Dan Kompetensi Kewirausahaan Terhadap Kinerja Umkm (Studi Pada Umkm Mebel Di Kota Banjarmasin)

Ridha — 2024-11-10

Abstract

This study analyze the impact of Green Innovation, Entrepreneurial Orientation, and Entrepreneurial Competence on the Performance of SMEs in the Furniture sector in Banjarmasin City. Involving 48 owners and managers of Furniture SMEs, this research utilized Non-Probability Sampling methods, namely Purposive Sampling and Saturated Sample. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using PLS-SEM technique. The result of the study indicated that Green Innovation and Entrepreneurial Orientation have a positive and significant impact on SMEs Performance, while Entrepreneurial Competence does not have a sognificant influence on SMEs Performance. These findings provide valuable insights into the factors nfluencing SMEs performance, particulary in the contex of the furniture industry in Banjarmasin City.

Keywords: Green Innovation, Entrepreneurial Orientation, ntrepreneurial Competence, SMEs Performance, Furniture SMEs

Abstrak

Penelitian ini meneliti dampak Inovasi Hijau, Orientasi Kewirausahaan, dan Kompetensi Kewirausahaan terhada Kinerja UMKM pada UMKM Mebel di Kota Banjarmasin. dengan meibatkan 48 pemilik sekaligus pengelola UMKM Mebel, penelitian menggunakan metode Non-Probabiliti Sampling, yaitu Purposive Sampling dan Sampel Jenuh. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesiner dan analisis menggunakan teknik PLS-SEM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Inovasi Hijau dan Orientasi Kewirausahaan memiliki dampak positif dan signifikan terhadap Kinerja UMKM, sementara Komptensi Kewirausahaan tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap Kinerja UMKM. Penemuan ini memberikan wawasan yang berharga mengenai aspek-aspek yang mempengaruhi kinerja UMKM, khususnya dalam konteks industri mebel di Kota Banjamasin.

Kata Kunci: Inovasi Hijau, Orientasi Kewirausahaan, Kompetensi Kewirausahaan, Kinerja UMKM, UMKM Mebel

Pertambangan oleh Ormas dalam Perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Syariah (Analisis terhadap Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 25 Tahun 2024)

Achmad Magfur — 2024-11-11

This article analyzes the involvement of community organizations (ormas) in mining activities from the perspective of sharia economic law, referring to Government Regulation Number 25 of 2024. The main focus of this research is to evaluate whether the management of large-scale mining by ormas aligns with sharia principles, which prioritize justice and public welfare. The methodology used is a normative juridical approach, reviewing relevant legislation and literature related to Islamic law.

The study findings indicate that, in sharia economic law, the management of strategic natural resources, including the mining sector, should be under state control to ensure fair distribution of benefits and protect public interests. This is based on the principle of maslahah (public interest) and the prohibition of exploitation that may harm the wider community. Therefore, this study concludes that large-scale mining managed by parties other than the state, including ormas, is contrary to sharia economic law and can be categorized as prohibited (haram) activity.

Keywords: Islamic Economy, mining, community organizations, Government Regulation.

Abstrak: Artikel ini menganalisis keterlibatan organisasi masyarakat (ormas) dalam kegiatan pertambangan dalam perspektif hukum ekonomi syariah, dengan merujuk pada Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 25 Tahun 2024. Fokus utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi apakah pengelolaan pertambangan skala besar oleh ormas sejalan dengan prinsip-prinsip syariah, yang mengedepankan keadilan dan kesejahteraan umum. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan tinjauan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan serta literatur-literatur terkait hukum Islam.

Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa dalam hukum ekonomi syariah, pengelolaan sumber daya alam yang strategis, termasuk sektor pertambangan, seharusnya berada di bawah kendali negara untuk menjamin distribusi hasil yang adil dan melindungi kepentingan publik. Hal ini didasarkan pada prinsip maslahah (kemaslahatan umum) dan larangan eksploitasi yang dapat merugikan masyarakat luas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pertambangan skala besar yang dikelola oleh pihak selain negara, termasuk ormas, bertentangan dengan ketentuan hukum ekonomi syariah dan dapat dikategorikan sebagai aktivitas yang dilarang (haram).

Kata Kunci: Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, Pertambangan, Organisasi Masyarakat, Peraturan Pemerintah.

Tinjauan Yuridis terhadap Tindakan Main Hakim Sendiri dan Implikasinya bagi Kehidupan Masyarakat

Agusto Abdul Malik — 2024-11-10

Abstract

The phenomenon of vigilantism has become a significant social issue in Indonesia, where individuals or groups take unilateral legal actions against offenders without following formal legal procedures. This phenomenon is often driven by public dissatisfaction with the legal system, which is perceived as slow or inadequate in delivering justice. Key factors contributing to this behavior include a lack of trust in law enforcement, especially in remote areas, as well as cultural norms that tend to support direct resolution to maintain community order. Vigilantism has serious consequences, such as undermining legal authority, creating uncertainty in the enforcement of justice, and generating social insecurity that threatens community stability. To explain this phenomenon, Social Control Theory and the Theory of Distrust in the Legal System suggest that weak social bonds and low trust in legal institutions can trigger such behavior. The implications include social insecurity, damage to the credibility of the legal system, and potential economic disruption due to declining investment and tourism in areas prone to violence. Addressing this issue requires legal system reforms to expedite legal processes, enhance the quality of law enforcement, and strengthen oversight and transparency. Legal education for the public is also crucial to raise awareness of the importance of rule of law and reduce the tendency toward vigilantism.

Keywords:Social, Vigilantism, Legal System, Violence

Abstrak

Fenomena main hakim sendiri telah menjadi isu sosial yang signifikan di Indonesia, di mana individu atau kelompok mengambil tindakan hukum secara sepihak terhadap pelanggar hukum tanpa mengikuti prosedur hukum formal. Fenomena ini sering kali didorong oleh ketidakpuasan masyarakat terhadap sistem hukum yang dianggap lambat atau tidak memadai dalam memberikan keadilan. Faktor-faktor utama yang berkontribusi terhadap perilaku ini termasuk kurangnya kepercayaan terhadap penegakan hukum, terutama di daerah terpencil, serta norma-norma budaya yang cenderung mendukung penyelesaian secara langsung untuk menjaga ketertiban masyarakat. Tindakan main hakim sendiri memiliki konsekuensi yang serius, seperti merongrong kewibawaan hukum, menimbulkan ketidakpastian dalam penegakan keadilan, dan menimbulkan kerawanan sosial yang mengancam stabilitas masyarakat. Untuk menjelaskan fenomena ini, Teori Kontrol Sosial dan Teori Ketidakpercayaan pada Sistem Hukum menyatakan bahwa lemahnya ikatan sosial dan rendahnya kepercayaan terhadap institusi hukum dapat memicu perilaku tersebut. Implikasinya antara lain kerawanan sosial, rusaknya kredibilitas sistem hukum, dan potensi gangguan ekonomi akibat menurunnya investasi dan pariwisata di daerah-daerah yang rawan kekerasan. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, diperlukan reformasi sistem hukum untuk mempercepat proses hukum, meningkatkan kualitas penegakan hukum, serta memperkuat pengawasan dan transparansi. Pendidikan hukum bagi masyarakat juga sangat penting untuk meningkatkan kesadaran akan pentingnya supremasi hukum dan mengurangi kecenderungan main hakim sendiri.

Kata kunci: Sosial, Main Hakim Sendiri, Sistem Hukum, Kekerasan.

Upaya Penyuluh Agama Islam Dalam Meminimalisir Cerai Goib Di Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) Sangatta Utara

Purnoto Purnoto — 2024-11-09

Abstract

Divorce, especially divorce Ģoib, is a complex social phenomenon that affects individuals and society with significant repercussions. In Indonesia, the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) plays an important role in addressing this issue through Islamic religious counseling. This study examines the efforts of Islamic religious counselors in minimizing cases of divorce ģoib in the area of KUA Sangatta Utara, East Kutai. This study used a qualitative approach with a case study as its design. Data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. The findings show that Islamic religious instructors actively provide education on Islamic marriage law, the importance of the presence of both parties in divorce, and the negative impact of divorce. They also act as mediators to resolve household conflicts and provide spiritual counseling to couples experiencing problems. Challenges faced include a lack of community awareness of Islamic marriage law, limited KUA resources, and socio-economic issues. Nonetheless, Islamic religious counseling has succeeded in reducing the divorce rate by increasing community understanding and awareness. The results of this study indicate that the efforts of Islamic religious extension are effective in minimizing divorce cases by using a holistic and integrated approach. Recommendations include intensification of extension programs, expansion of outreach, and increased collaboration across institutions to increase effectiveness in dealing with divorce.

Keywords: Islamic Religious Counselors, Divorce Minimization, Divorce Ģoib

Abstrak

Perceraian, khususnya cerai Ģoib, merupakan fenomena sosial kompleks yang mempengaruhi individu dan masyarakat dengan dampak yang signifikan. Di Indonesia, Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) memegang peran penting dalam menangani masalah ini melalui penyuluhan agama Islam. Penelitian ini mengkaji upaya penyuluh agama Islam dalam meminimalisir kasus cerai ģoib di wilayah KUA Sangatta Utara, Kutai Timur. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus sebagai desainnya. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi partisipan, wawancara mendalam, dan analisis dokumen. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa penyuluh agama Islam aktif memberikan edukasi tentang hukum perkawinan Islam, pentingnya kehadiran kedua belah pihak dalam perceraian, dan dampak negatif dari cerai ģoib. Mereka juga berperan sebagai mediator untuk menyelesaikan konflik rumah tangga dan memberikan konseling spiritual kepada pasangan yang mengalami masalah. Tantangan yang dihadapi termasuk kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat akan hukum perkawinan Islam, keterbatasan sumber daya KUA, dan masalah sosial-ekonomi. Meskipun demikian, penyuluhan agama Islam telah berhasil mengurangi angka cerai ģoib dengan meningkatkan pemahaman dan kesadaran masyarakat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa upaya penyuluh agama Islam efektif dalam meminimalisir kasus cerai ģoib dengan menggunakan pendekatan yang holistik dan terintegrasi. Rekomendasi yang diajukan mencakup intensifikasi program penyuluhan, perluasan jangkauan, dan peningkatan kolaborasi lintas lembaga untuk meningkatkan efektivitas dalam menangani perceraian.

Kata kunci: Penyuluh Agama Islam, Meminimalisir Perceraian, Cerai Ģoib

Akibat Pembatalan Hukum Hibah dan Penghapusan Nasab (Studi Kasus Perkara Nomor : 241/Pdt.G/2024/PA. Kab Malang)

Amatul Jadidah — 2024-11-22

Abstract

In Dutch, the term for hibah (grant) is schenking, which refers to the act of giving by one person to another without expecting anything in return, done while the giver is still alive and irrevocable. This grant is transferred to benefit the recipient. In substance, the existence of hibah is closely related to inheritance. This is explicitly stated in Indonesia’s positive law, such as the Compilation of Islamic Law (CIL), customary law, and the Civil Code. Additionally, there is the possibility of revoking a hibah already given, as explained in the Compilation of Islamic Law, customary law, and the Civil Code, as stipulated in Article 1666. Hibah is often conducted while the giver is still alive to avoid disputes among their children after passing away. This could stem from concerns due to the children’s mother being a stepmother or foster mother or because among the children, there is an adopted child whose status as an heir might be contested. According to the provisions of Article 210(1) of the Compilation of Islamic Law, a person granting a hibah must be at least 21 years old, mentally sound, and act without coercion. They can grant up to one-third of their assets to another person or institution in the presence of two witnesses. One of the legal ways to transfer ownership in Islamic law, besides inheritance and sale, is through hibah. By granting an asset, the ownership transfers from the giver (wahib) to the recipient (mawhub lah). Islam encourages generosity as it fosters warmth and affection among people and strengthens familial ties, which is a fundamental teaching of Islam.

Keywords: Grant (Hibah) Inheritance Legitime Portie Family Dispute

Abstrak

Hibah merupakan salah satu bentuk pemberian yang memiliki implikasi hukum signifikan, terutama dalam konteks kewarisan di Indonesia. Studi ini berfokus pada kekuatan hukum pembuktian surat hibah bersegel tahun 1967 terkait tanah pertanian yang menjadi objek sengketa di Pengadilan Agama Kepanjen dengan nomor perkara 24/PA/KPjn/2023. Dalam penelitian ini, dibahas dinamika sengketa hibah yang melibatkan ahli waris kalalah dan cucu angkat, di mana penggugat menggugat keabsahan hibah yang diberikan oleh pemberi hibah kepada cucu angkatnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan metode deskriptif analitis untuk menganalisis regulasi yang relevan, termasuk Kompilasi Hukum Islam, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata, dan peraturan terkait pendaftaran tanah. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui studi dokumen hukum serta wawancara dengan pihak terkait, seperti penggugat, hakim, mediator, dan Badan Pertanahan Nasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa surat hibah bersegel memiliki kekuatan hukum sepanjang memenuhi ketentuan formal dan materiil, namun dalam praktiknya sering menjadi objek sengketa apabila dianggap merugikan ahli waris lainnya. Selain itu, ditemukan bahwa legitimasi hibah dapat dipertanyakan apabila tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan legitime portie sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 920 KUHPerdata.

Kata Kunci: Hibah Pewarisan Legitime Portie Sengketa Keluarga

Rekonstruksi Teori Hukum Islam Pada Masa Imam Mazhab

Rusdiyah Rusdiyah — 2024-11-23

Abstract

The four major Imams of Islamic law—Abu Hanifah, Malik, Shafi'i, and Ahmad bin Hanbal—developed distinct methodologies for deriving legal rulings. Abu Hanifah emphasized rational reasoning and analogical reasoning (qiyas). Malik prioritized the practices of the people of Medina and the concept of public interest (maslahah mursalah). Shafi'i established a systematic approach based on textual sources and consensus (ijma'). Ahmad bin Hanbal adhered strictly to the Quran and Sunnah, using analogy only when necessary.These methods continue to be relevant in the modern era. Qiyas and istihsan enable the adaptation of law to contemporary challenges. Maslahah mursalah allows for addressing public interests not explicitly covered by texts. Ijma' supports global consensus on Islamic issues. The textual approach ensures adherence to the Quran and Sunnah. By understanding the historical development of Islamic legal thought, scholars and practitioners can apply these methods to address modern issues while preserving the core principles of Islamic law. The Imams' diverse approaches provide a flexible framework for Islamic law to remain relevant and responsive to the changing world.

Keywords: Reconstruction, legal theory, Mazhab

Abstrak

Empat imam besar hukum Islam-Abu Hanifah, Malik, Syafi'i, dan Ahmad bin Hanbal-mengembangkan metodologi yang berbeda untuk memperoleh keputusan hukum. Abu Hanifah menekankan pada penalaran rasional dan penalaran analogis (qiyas). Malik memprioritaskan praktik-praktik masyarakat Madinah dan konsep kepentingan umum (maslahah mursalah). Syafi'i menetapkan pendekatan sistematis berdasarkan sumber-sumber tekstual dan konsensus (ijma'). Ahmad bin Hanbal berpegang teguh pada Al-Quran dan Sunnah, menggunakan analogi hanya jika diperlukan, dan metode-metode ini terus relevan di era modern. Qiyas dan istihsan memungkinkan adaptasi hukum terhadap tantangan-tantangan kontemporer. Maslahah mursalah memungkinkan untuk menangani kepentingan publik yang tidak secara eksplisit tercakup dalam teks. Ijma' mendukung konsensus global tentang isu-isu Islam. Pendekatan tekstual memastikan kepatuhan terhadap Al-Quran dan Sunnah. Dengan memahami perkembangan historis pemikiran hukum Islam, para sarjana dan praktisi dapat menerapkan metode-metode ini untuk mengatasi masalah-masalah modern sambil tetap menjaga prinsip-prinsip inti hukum Islam. Pendekatan para imam yang beragam memberikan kerangka kerja yang fleksibel bagi hukum Islam untuk tetap relevan dan responsif terhadap perubahan dunia.

Kata Kunci: Rekonstruksi, teori hukum, Mazhab

Batas Usia Perkawinan dan Perwalian: Pendekatan Komparatif antara Indonesia dan Negara Asia Tenggara Lainnya

Abdul Jamil — 2024-12-01

This paper examines the minimum marriage age and the concept of guardianship using a comparative approach between Indonesia and several Southeast Asian countries, including the Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, and Thailand. The primary focus is to analyze differences in minimum marriage age as stipulated by laws in each country and their implications on Islamic family law and national legislation. Additionally, the paper explores the social and health impacts of child marriages and legal protection measures for minors. The findings reveal significant variations in minimum marriage age across the region, influenced by local legal systems, traditions, and cultures. In Indonesia, the amendment of the minimum marriage age to 19 years for both males and females is seen as a progressive step in reducing child marriage rates and its adverse effects.

Analisis Distribusi Hukum Ekonomi di Indonsia dalam Perekonomian Masyarakat Serta Efektivitas Kebijakan Hukum Ekonomi di Indonesia

Zahra Sabrina Anggiani Putri — 2024-12-01

Society and law are intertwined in regulating all aspects of human life, one of which is the economic aspect. Economic law is a law that regulates the running of a country's economy which not only focuses on economic development but also equality in the goal of social welfare. This is achieved by issuing laws that regulate all forms of economics or those related to the economy. One of the problems that the government really pays attention to is the level of unemployment which must be emphasized in order to achieve a prosperous society. Not only that, the government also provides policies to business actors who carry out monopolies because it can have a negative impact on other business actors and consumers. By dominating the market and not competing in a healthy manner, it can also cause financial losses to the country. This policy certainly provides convenience for all parties in carrying out economic activities

Jual Beli Pupuk Kotoran Hewan Perspektif Imam Madzhab dan Fikih Muamalah

Nur Laila Aziza — 2024-12-06

Abstract

Buying and selling animal manure fertilizer is one of the common trade practices in the agricultural sector. This study aims to analyze the law of buying and selling animal manure fertilizer from the perspective of the four madzhab imams (Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali) and the fiqh muamalah approach. This study uses the library research method by examining relevant classical and contemporary literature. In the view of the madzhab imams, there are differences of opinion regarding the law of buying and selling goods that are considered unclean, including animal feces, which are related to their use as useful goods (manfa'ah). Based on muamalah fiqh, this transaction can be analyzed through the principles of contract, halal goods, and benefit. The results show that the majority of scholars allow the sale and purchase of animal manure fertilizer if it meets certain conditions, such as the existence of clear benefits, agreement between the seller and the buyer, and does not contradict the Sharia. This research contributes to clarifying the fiqh legal guidelines related to the practice of buying and selling animal manure fertilizer in agrarian societies.

Keywords: buying and selling, animal manure, imam madzhab, fiqh muamalah

Abstrak

Jual beli pupuk kotoran hewan merupakan salah satu praktik perdagangan yang umum dilakukan di sektor pertanian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hukum jual beli pupuk kotoran hewan menurut perspektif empat imam madzhab (Hanafi, Maliki, Syafi’i, dan Hanbali) serta pendekatan fiqih muamalah. Kajian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dengan menelaah literatur klasik dan kontemporer yang relevan. Dalam pandangan para imam madzhab, terdapat perbedaan pendapat mengenai hukum jual beli barang yang dianggap najis, termasuk kotoran hewan, yang berkaitan dengan penggunaannya sebagai barang yang bermanfaat (manfa’ah). Berdasarkan fiqih muamalah, transaksi ini dapat dianalisis melalui prinsip-prinsip akad, kehalalan barang, dan kemaslahatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas ulama memperbolehkan jual beli pupuk kotoran hewan jika memenuhi syarat-syarat tertentu, seperti adanya manfaat jelas, kesepakatan antara penjual dan pembeli, serta tidak bertentangan dengan syariat. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi dalam memperjelas panduan hukum fiqih terkait praktik jual beli pupuk kotoran hewan di masyarakat agraris.

Kata kunci: jual beli, kotoran hewan, imam madzhab, fiqih muamalah

Tinjauan Yuridis tentang Pengaturan dan Perlindungan Hak Konsumen terhadap Perjanjian Perdagangan Bebas di Indonesia

Siti Syaidah — 2024-12-04

This journal discusses the legal review of cases of protection of rules and regulations. The existence of this journal is formed with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of consumer rights in free trade agreements in Indonesia. Then this journal also examines the laws and regulations on consumer rights in free trade in Indonesia, which are based on definitions, objectives, legal reviews, and legal protection and issues. Our journal research uses normative legal research methods or techniques where this research is conducted with a study using legal materials, namely laws and other legal regulations and secondary legal materials, namely research journals.

Strategi Manajemen Pembiayaan dalam Menjamin Keberlanjutan Lembaga Pendidikan Islam

Aris Sutikno — 2024-12-04

Financial management is a crucial aspect in ensuring the sustainability of Islamic educational institutions. This article aims to analyze the financial management strategies that can be implemented to ensure the operational continuity of both formal and non-formal Islamic educational institutions. This study uses a literature review method by examining 10 relevant journals on financial management in Islamic educational institutions. The results of this review show that various strategies employed by Islamic educational institutions in managing financing, such as philanthropic fund management, the implementation of a structured budgeting system, and the utilization of digital technology in financial management, play a significant role in enhancing institutional sustainability. Additionally, collaboration between educational institutions and the community is also an important supporting factor. Effective and efficient financing can be achieved through well-planned strategies and continuous monitoring. This study also highlights the importance of innovation in managing financial resources and adapting to the changing needs and challenges of the times. By applying good managerial strategies, Islamic educational institutions can continue to operate effectively and provide a positive impact on the development of education in society.

Peran Lembaga Perlindungan Anak dalam Penanganan Kasus Kekerasan Seksual di Lingkungan Pendidikan Studi Kasus Pesantren di Kabupaten Agam

Sherlyn Novtrsiya Melati Putri — 2024-12-04

Cases of sexual violence in Indonesia show a concerning trend, especially in the context of educational institutions. This research analyzes the role of DP3AP2KB and inter-agency coordination in handling sexual violence cases in the pesantren environment of Agam Regency. Using the normative juridical research method, this study examines the sexual violence case at MTI Canduang involving 43 students as victims. The research results show that DP3AP2KB performs a preventive function through socialization and education, as well as providing a 24-hour complaint service. In handling the case, there was effective coordination between three main institutions: Polresta Bukittinggi as law enforcement, the MTI Canduang Islamic boarding school which formed an internal investigation team and a legal team, and DP3AP2KB which provided psychological support. This multi-stakeholder coordination model successfully revealed an increase in the number of victims from 5 to 43 people and ensured comprehensive case handling from disclosure to victim support.

Kedudukan Hukum Islam Dalam Sistem Hukum Civil Law Dan Common Law Di Indonesia

Nurainun — 2024-12-10

This research discusses the influence of Islamic law on the development of the civil law and common law systems in Indonesia, a country founded on the rule of law with diverse ethnicities, cultures, and religions. With a majority Muslim population, Islamic law plays a significant role in complementing the legal certainty of the civil law system through substantive justice values, such as in the regulation of waqf and zakat. In the common law system, Islamic law is accommodated formally or informally depending on the societal context. The research employs a normative juridical method, which refers to analyzing legal norms and concepts relevant to the issues being studied. Data sources are obtained through literature studies, including journal articles, books, and previous research. The findings indicate that Islamic law holds an essential role in both civil law and common law systems. In the civil law system, Islamic law complements legal certainty with values of substantive justice, as seen in the regulations of waqf and zakat. Meanwhile, in the common law system, Islamic law is formally or informally accommodated, depending on the majority or minority Muslim context of a given society.

Ketidaktransparanan Penegakan Hukum Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Prinsip Keadilan Sosial di Indonesia

Qoshi Fadilah Marsya Kinari — 2024-12-18

The lack of transparency in law enforcement in Indonesia has caused various problems, including injustice and reduced public trust in the legal system. This study aims to explore the impact of legal non-transparency on the principle of social justice based on Pancasila, especially the fifth principle. Using a literature review method, this study identifies that unfair and discriminatory legal practices, such as in the case of e-KTP project corruption, exacerbate social inequality and strengthen negative perceptions of legal integrity. Transparent law enforcement is seen as an important solution to address this problem. This study recommends legal system reform by increasing transparency, accountability, and public access to the judicial process to achieve equitable justice in accordance with the values of Pancasila.

Fiqih Muamalah Sebagai Solusi Dalam Menghadapi Praktik Riba dan Gharar

Fikri Ibnu Fazda — 2024-12-10

Fiqh Muamalah, as an essential branch of Islamic jurisprudence, provides ethical and legal guidelines for economic activities, especially in addressing practices that contradict Islamic principles, such as riba (usurious interest) and gharar (uncertainty in transactions). These concepts are prohibited in Islam due to their exploitative and unjust nature. This article explores how fiqh muamalah can serve as an effective solution in minimizing and even eliminating such practices by establishing a foundation for fair, transparent, and non-exploitative transactions. Through a normative approach and analysis of contemporary financial practices, the article highlights the significance of Sharia-compliant contracts, such as murabaha, mudarabah, and musharakah, in avoiding riba and gharar. This study also emphasizes the need for a deep understanding of fiqh muamalah principles, enabling individuals to conduct economic activities in accordance with Sharia, fostering a fair and sustainable economy. Thus, fiqh muamalah is not only relevant as a legal guide but also serves as an ethical tool for economic development within the Muslim community.

E-Judiciary: Keabsahan Pemeriksaan Saksi Virtual Dalam Sistem Peradilan Modern

Husnul Khatimah — 2024-12-20

The development of information technology has driven modernization across various sectors, including the judicial system. One of the innovative implementations is E-Judiciary, the use of electronic technology in the trial process, including virtual witness examinations. This article aims to analyze the legal validity of virtual witness examinations within the modern judicial system in Indonesia, highlighting the legal foundations, principles of justice, and challenges faced. Based on normative analysis, the validity of virtual witnesses is supported by various regulations, such as Article 184 of the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP), Article 5 of Law No. 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions (UU ITE), and Supreme Court Regulations (Perma) No. 1 of 2019 and No. 4 of 2020. These regulations recognize testimony given via video conference as valid evidence, provided it meets the principles of justice, such as audi et alteram partem, transparency, and accountability. While providing benefits such as time and cost efficiency, the implementation of virtual witnesses faces challenges such as technological readiness, data security, and the validity of witness identity. The conclusion of this article emphasizes that virtual witness examinations are a progressive step in judicial modernization but require support in terms of technological infrastructure and more mature regulations to ensure substantive justice for all parties.